Original research
by
West, Robert et al
Release Date
2009
Geography
USA
Language of Resource
English
Full Text Available
No
Open Access / OK to Reproduce
No
Peer Reviewed
Yes
Objective
Morphine preparations are known to have small amounts of codeine as an impurity estimated to be about 0.04%
Findings/Key points
The finding of codeine was ascribed to the manufacturing process of the morphine medications. Clinicians and laboratories testing urine for drugs should be aware of this possibility.
Design/methods
In a population of 535 pain patients prescribed morphine, Kadian, MS Contin, and/or Avinza, the investigators observed 24 samples that contained codeine >20 ng/mL.
Keywords
Drug checking
Substitution/OAT
